Recombinación y complejidad tecnológica en las baterías de plomo-ácido diseñadas para los vehículos de energía alternativa
Resumen
Durante el siglo XX la batería de plomo-ácido se convirtió en el diseño dominante en la industria automotriz por su bajo costo, seguridad y nivel de desempeño (Pistoia, 2008; Garche et al., 2015; Moseley et al., 2017). Sin embargo, con el ingreso disruptivo al mercado de los vehículos eléctricos e híbridos y de nuevas baterías (litio y niquel), la tecnología de las baterías de plomo-acido está sufriendo transformaciones profundas que es necesario estudiar.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es, reconstruir de manera cuantitativa y cualitativa la actividad inventiva de las baterías de plomo-ácido utilizadas en vehículos de energías alternativas. A partir de las información de la base de datos de la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de los Estados Unidos, y la metodología desarrollada por Strumsky y Lobo (2015) es posible representar diferentes grados de novedad inventiva, así como medir la creciente complejidad tecnológica de las baterías de plomo-acido. La evidencia muestra que la batería de plomo-ácido es una tecnología cada vez más compleja. Es una tecnología rival pero también complementaria a las baterías de níquel-metal-hidruro y de iones de litio utilizadas por los vehículos eléctricos e híbridos.
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