Recombination and technological complexity in lead-acid batteries designed for alternative energy vehicles
Abstract
During the 20th century, the lead-acid battery became the dominant design in the automotive industry due to its low cost, safety, and level of performance (Pistoia, 2008; Garche et al., 2015; Moseley et al., 2017). However, with the disruptive access of electric and hybrid vehicles and new batteries (lithium and nickel), lead-acid battery technology is undergoing deep transformations that need to be studied.
The main objective of this paper is to reconstruct the inventive activity of lead-acid batteries used in alternative energy vehicles. Based on the information from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database, and based on the methodology developed by Strumsky and Lobo (2015), it is possible to represent different degrees of inventive novelty (origination, new combination, recombination and reuse), as well as measuring the increasing technological complexity of lead-acid batteries. Evidence shows that the lead-acid battery is an increasingly complex technology. It is a rival technology but is also complementary to the nickel-metal-hydride and lithium-ion batteries used by electric and hybrid vehicles.
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