La Transformación de teorías y paradigmas como producto de las crisis económicas
Resumen
Las crisis económicas han sido momentos de inflexión en la historia del pensamiento económico, impulsando la transformación de teorías y paradigmas. En este contexto, la presente investigación examina dos “revoluciones teóricas”: la keynesiana y la marxista. Keynes argumentó que las crisis reflejan fallas en la demanda agregada y pueden corregirse mediante intervención estatal, mientras que Marx las interpretó como el resultado inevitable de las contradicciones internas del capitalismo. Este análisis se complementa con la perspectiva de la filosofía de la ciencia (basada en los enfoques de Kuhn, Popper y Lakatos) para evaluar si “la revolución keynesiana” puede considerarse una revolución científica, o sólo constituye un proceso de ajuste gradual dentro de un programa de investigación. Se argumenta que, a diferencia de las ciencias naturales, la economía no ha experimentado cambios paradigmáticos definitivos debido a la influencia de factores políticos e ideológicos. La investigación concluye con el señalamiento de que las crisis contemporáneas exigen una reformulación del pensamiento económico, incorporando perspectivas heterodoxas y reconociendo la importancia de factores históricos e institucionales en el desarrollo de políticas económicas.
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